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Editor's Preface ix Organizers' Remarks xi Coastal Upwelling Overview An Upwelling Mythology Warren S. Wooster  1 The Importance of Coastal Upwelling Research to Peru 4 R.R.P. Chase NASA's Potential Remote Sensing Capabilities  Felipe Ancieta  6 The Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems Analysis Program: Social Implications   Felipe Ancieta  9 The Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems Analysis Program: Epilogue Feenan D. Jennings  13 The Physical Process of Upwelling Forcing Functions Estimates of Large–Scale Atmospheric Pressure Variations in the Upwelling Area off Northwest Africa Feenan D. Jennings  17 Sea–Surface Temperatures and Winds During JOINT II: Part I. Mean Conditions G.L. Moody, David W. Stuart, A J. Watson, and M.M. Nanney  21 Sea–Surface Temperatures and Winds During JOINT II: Part II. Temporal Fluctuations David W. Stuart  32 A Comparison of Surface Winds and Winds Measured at 152 m During JOINT I 1974 and JOINT II 1977 David W. Stuart, Robert J. Goodwin, and William P. Duval  39 Southern California Summer Coastal Upwelling Clive E. Dorman and David P. Palmer  44 Upwelling: Effects on Air Temperatures and Solar Irradiance Sargun A. Font  57 Cold Water Intrusions and Upwelling Near Cape Canaveral, Florida Thomas D. Leming and Christopher N.K. Mooers  63 Mesoscale Upwelling Variations off the West African Coast Eberhard Hagen  72 The Propagation of Tidal and Inertial Waves in the Upwelling Region off Peru W.R. Johnson  79 A Satellite Sequence on Upwelling Along the California Coast Laurence C. Breaker and Ronald P. Gilliland  87 Equatorial Upwelling in the Eastern Atlantic: Problems and Paradoxes B. Voituriez  95 Descriptions and Comparisons of Specific Upwelling Systems A Comparison of the Structure and Variability of the Flow Field in Three Coastal Upwelling Regions: Oregon, Northwest Africa, and Peru Robert L. Smith  107 Local Upwelling Associated With Vortex Motion off Oshima Island, Japan Masayuki Takahashi, Yoshibumi Yasuoka, Masataka Watanabe, Fadakuni Miyazaki, and Shun–ei Ichimura  119 Short–Term Variations Observed in the Circulation, Heat Content, and Surface Mixed Layer of an Upwelling Plume off Cabo Nazca, Peru Merritt R. Stevenson, David W. Stuart, and George W. Heburn  125 The Northern Peruvian Upwelling System During the ESACAN Experiment Eberhard Fahrbach, Christoph Brockmann, Nelson Lostaunau, and Wilfredo Urquizo  134 Hydrological and Meteorological Aspects of Upwelling in the Southern Benguela Current L.V. Shannon, G. Nelson, and M.R. Jury  146 Upwelling in the Gulf of Lions Claude Millot and Lucien Wald  160 Interaction Between the Canary Current and the Bottom Topography Antonio Cruzado and Jordi Salat  167 Upwelling off the Galacian Coast, Northwest Spain F. Fraga  176 Models Weakly Stratified Shelf Currents John A. Johnson  183 Internal Cross–Shelf Flow Reversals During Coastal Upwelling Donald R. Johnson and Christopher N.K. Mooers  188 A Two–Dimensional Diabatic Isopycnal Model of a Coastal Upwelling Front E–Chien Foo, Claes Rooth, and Rainer Bleck  193 A Coastal Upwelling Circulation Model With Eddy Viscosity Depending on Richardson Number Masahiro Endoh, Christopher N.K. Mooers, and Walter R. Johnson  203 Some Chemical Consequences of Upwelling Temporal Nutrient Variability in Three Different Upwelling Regions L.A. Codispoti  209 The Effects of Mixing and Regeneration on the Nutrient Content of Upwelling Waters off Peru G. E. Friederich and L.A. Codispoti  221 Satellite Observations of a Cyclonic Upwelling System and Giant Plume in the California Current E. D. Traganza, J. C. Conrad, and L. C. Breaker  228 Consumption and Regeneration of Silicic Acid in Three Coastal Upwelling Systems D. M. Nelson, J.J. Goering, and D. W. Boisseau  242 Nitrogen Recycling and Biological Populations in Upwelling Ecosystems Terry E. Whitledge  257 Water Exchange and the Balance of Phosphate in the Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela Taizo Okuda  274 A Comparison of Distributions of Suspended Matter in the Peru and Northwest African Upwelling Areas Gunnar Kullenberg  282 A Note on Short–Term Production and Sedimentation in the Upwelling Region off Peru Klaus von Brocket  291 Natural and Man–Made Radiocarbon As a Tracer for Coastal Upwelling Processes Stephen W. Robinson  298 Upwelling, Primary Production, and Phytoplankton Photosynthetic Parameters and Primary Production of Phytoplankton Populations off the Northern Coast of Peru W. G. Harrison, T. Piatt, R. Calienes, and N. Ochoa 303 Upwelling off Chimbote O. Guillen and R. Calienes  312 Composition and Distribution of Phytoplankton in the Upwelling System of the Galapagos Islands Roberto Jimenez  327 Short–Time Variability of Phytoplankton Populations in Upwelling Regions???The Example of Northwest Africa Dolors Blasco, Marta Estrada, and Burton H. Jones  339 Seasonal Phytoplankton Distribution Along the Peruvian Coast B. Rojas de Mendiola  348 The Role of Circulation and Stability in Controlling the Relative Abundance of Dinoflagellates and Diatoms Over the Peru Shelf S. A. Huntsman, K.H. Brink, R. T. Barber, and D. Blasco  357 The Role of Circulation, Sinking, and Vertical Migration in Physical Sorting of Phytoplankton in the Upwelling Center at 15°S Richard T. Barber and Walker O. Smith, Jr.  366 Diatoms in Surface Sediments: A Reflection of Coastal Upwelling Gretchen Schuette and Hans Schrader  372 Upwelling and Zooplankton Advection and Upwelling in the California Current Patricio A. Bernal and John A. McGowan  381 The Effect of Advection on Variations in Zooplankton at a Single Location Near Cabo Nazca, Peru S. L. Smith, K. H. Brink, H. Santander, T. J. Cozvles, and A. Huyer  400 The Zooplankton in an Upwelling Area off Peru Haydee Santander Bueno  411 Short–Term Variation in the Vertical Distribution of Small Copepods off the Coast of Northern Peru S. L. Smith, C. M. Boyd, and P. V. Z. Lane  417 A Dense Patch oiAcartia levequei (Copepoda, Calanoida) in Upwelled Equatorial Undercurrent Water Around the Galapagos Islands Fernando Arcos  427 On the Food of Calanoid Copepods From the Northwest African Upwelling Region S. B. Schnack and M. Elbrachter  433 Upwelling and Macrofauna The Nekton Responses of Macrofauna to Short–Term Dynamics of a Gulf Stream Front on the Continental Shelf John J. Magnuson, Cynthia L. Harrington, Donald J. Stewart, and Gary N. Herbst  441 The Effect of El Nino Upon the Peruvian Anchoveta Stock D. H. Cushing  449 Seasonal Food Production and Consumption by Nekton in the Northwest African Upwelling System R. J. Trumble, O. A. Mathisen, and D. W. Stuart  458 The Benthos The Benthic Processes of Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems Gilbert T. Rowe  464 Upwelling and Biological Systems Physical and Biological Structure and Variability in an Upwelling Center off Peru Near 15°C During March, 1977 K. H. Brink, B. H. Jones, J.C. Van Leer, C.N.K. Mooers, D. W. Stuart, M. R. Stevenson, R. C. Dugdale, and G. W. Heburn  473 The Formation of Plankton Patches in the Southern Benguela Current L. Hutchings  496 Wind–Induced Water Movements in a Benguela Kelp Bed J.G. Field, C.L. Griffiths, E.A.S. Linley, P. Zoutendyk, and R.A. Carter  507 Persistent Upwelling and Mesoscale Zones of High Productivity off the West Coast of Vancouver Island, Canada K.L. Denman, D.L. Mackas, H.J. Freeland, M.J. Austin, and S.H. Hill  514 On Upwelling, Eutrophic Lakes, the Primitive Biosphere, and Biological Membranes Ramon Margalef and Marta Estrada  522